7/14/2023 0 Comments Protein scaffold regenerationNotch signaling plays an important role in regulating endocardium maturation via serpine1. Since then, efforts have been made to understand the signaling events boosting cardiomyocyte proliferation, with the hope of aiding human heart regeneration. 2, first, showing that Notch mediates heart generation. Since this milestone study, the underlying signaling pathways have been extensively studied, as summarized in Fig. Heart regeneration was first described in zebrafish 20 years ago by Poss et al. Notch and Notch intracellular domain (NICD) promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and inhibit immune cell infiltration This review summarizes the molecular signaling pathways for heart regeneration and discusses the progress and challenges of approaches for heart regeneration. Therefore, further understanding the molecular mechanism controlling heart regeneration will help to facilitate the emergence of new therapies that could restore cardiac function. Recent studies suggest that the substances secreted by stem cells may promote heart regeneration, initiating the search for drugs that target the molecular signaling pathways induced by these substances. However, the survival, anchor, differentiation, and maturation of stem cells at the injured site are hard to control, and thus require further optimization before being ready for clinical practice. Stem cell-based therapies attempt to promote heart regeneration by injecting stem cells into patients. Although tissue engineering approaches have developed rapidly owing to the improvement of biomaterials and 3D printing, creating a functional heart in vitro remains a great challenge. Cardiomyocytes of the adult human heart are terminally differentiated and have virtually no regenerative capacity, making it hard to reboot the proliferation of cardiomyocytes after injuries. Although promising data have been accumulated, each of these approaches faces challenges. Potential approaches for cardiac regeneration have been tested, including strategies based on in situ cellular reprogramming and de novo tissue engineering methods. Currently, pharmacological treatment can slow down heart failure progression, but it still needs a breakthrough. Figure 1 illustrates the standard of care for managing heart failure. ![]() Taking longer life expectancy, higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and modern lifestyle into consideration, epidemiologic studies predicted a 46% increase in heart failure patients by 2030. Despite tremendous efforts and advances in cardiovascular research and therapies, heart failure continues to maintain high mortality and morbidity rates. These studies highlight the importance of cardiovascular research in military medicine. The rate of heart failure among hospitalized veterans reaches as high as 0.5%. Cardiovascular disease represents the cause of more than 10% of military pilots’ groundings. Military personnel is significantly more likely to report higher work-related stress than civilians, contributing to the long-term development of cardiovascular diseases and acute triggering of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the signaling events controlling the regeneration of heart tissue and summarize current therapeutic approaches to promote heart regeneration after injury.Ĭardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and accounts for approximately 32% of global deaths, resulting in the losses of 17.9 million lives each year. Clinical interventions show the potential to reduce scar formation and enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation that counteracts the pathogenesis of heart disease. Insights have emerged from studies in animal models and early clinical trials. ![]() In the past decades, studies have focused on mechanisms underlying the regenerative capability of the heart and applicable approaches to reverse heart injury. So far, medical intervention can slow down cardiovascular disease progression, but not yet induce heart regeneration. Military personnel, compared with civilians, is exposed to more stress, a risk factor for heart diseases, making cardiovascular health management and treatment innovation an important topic for military medicine. These changes reduce cardiac contractility, resulting in heart failure, which causes a huge public health burden. Heart injury such as myocardial infarction leads to cardiomyocyte loss, fibrotic tissue deposition, and scar formation.
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